Update (October 2026)
The 2017 and 2018 proposals described here were not introduced as proposed. There is still no stand-alone English test for citizenship, and the general residence requirement remains 4 years of lawful residence, including 12 months as a permanent resident. The citizenship test was updated from 15 November 2020 with a new section on Australian values. See our Citizenship Australia and New Australian Citizenship Test pages for current requirements.
The package of reforms for citizenship changes are back on the agenda for September 2018. Australian government previously announced changes on 20 April 2017 and attempted to put them into effect. The bill passed through parliament but subsequently failed on 18 October 2017. It is now again on discussion and will be decided on in September 2018. To satisfy the residence requirements you must: and Lawful residence means living in Australia on a valid Australian temporary or permanent visa. The most applicants who will be impacted if the changes take effect are: If you apply for Australian citizenship on or after the changes, your application will be assessed against the new requirements. If you apply before , your application will be assessed against the current eligibility criteria. Please book an appointment to check your eligibility.6 new requirements proposed for Australian citizenship:
Current Citizenship Requirements
Will I be impacted?
Conclusion
What this means in 2026
The changes proposed in 2017 and 2018, including a stand-alone English test and a longer residence period, did not become law as proposed. The current rules for citizenship by conferral are summarised below.
Residence requirement
- 4 years of lawful residence in Australia immediately before you apply, including at least 12 months as a permanent resident.
- No more than 12 months outside Australia in those 4 years, including no more than 90 days in the last 12 months.
Citizenship test. Since 15 November 2020 the test includes questions on Australian values. You need to score at least 75 per cent and answer all 5 values questions correctly. There is no separate English test, but you need basic English to pass the test.
Other requirements. You must be of good character, intend to live in or keep a close connection with Australia, and attend a citizenship ceremony to make the pledge. See our guide on character requirements for Australian citizenship.
New Zealand citizens. Eligible New Zealanders living in Australia have had a direct pathway to citizenship since 1 July 2023 (see direct pathway for New Zealanders).
Next steps
- Check your residence dates and travel history carefully.
- Make sure you have held a permanent visa for at least 12 months.
- Prepare identity documents and police checks if needed.
- Apply online and book your test appointment when invited.
How long do I need to live in Australia before applying for citizenship?
Generally 4 years of lawful residence, including 12 months as a permanent resident, with limits on time spent overseas.
Is there an English test for citizenship?
No stand-alone English test was introduced. The citizenship test is in English, so you need basic English.
What is the pass mark for the citizenship test?
75 per cent, and you must answer all 5 Australian values questions correctly.
Can New Zealanders apply directly for citizenship?
Since 1 July 2023 eligible New Zealand citizens who have lived in Australia for 4 years can apply without first getting a permanent visa.






